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数字产品护照术语表

70 · 规范术语。可搜索以缩小范围,或按字母滚动浏览。

版本管理
对 DPP 的历次修订进行追踪和呈现的做法,使先前状态仍可解析和审计。

标识符
唯一标识某一产品型号、批次或实例的字符串。存在多种并行方案(GTIN、URN、DID)。

电池护照 · 电池 DPP
根据 Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 针对电池的专门 DPP,涵盖 LMT、工业和 2 kWh 以上的电动汽车电池。

高关注物质
由 REACH、CLP 或其他欧盟制度认定为对人体健康或环境构成风险的化学物质。必须在 DPP 中予以披露。

公开层
无需认证即向所有人开放的 DPP 访问层。涵盖成分、来源、养护及报废处置。

互操作性
不同参与方的 DPP 系统在无需定制集成的情况下相互交换并正确解读数据的能力。

解析器
将产品标识符映射到当前 DPP 记录的服务器。这是一个关键且长期运行的系统,URL 变更会破坏所有流通中产品的访问。

静态数据
在产品生命周期内不发生变化的数据(例如制造时的成分)。与会更新的在役数据(例如所有权、健康状态)相对。

可修复性评分
对产品修复难易程度进行评级的标准化评分。已纳入电子产品、家用电器及(预期)家具的 DPP。
可验证凭证 · VC
一种由 W3C 标准化的、由签发方就某一主体作出的防篡改、经签名的声明。DPP 证明的信任基元。

联合记录
通过引用存放于他处的权威数据而组成的记录,而非将其复制到单一存储库中。

内容协商
客户端与服务器就同一资源的某种表示形式(HTML、JSON-LD 等)达成一致的 HTTP 机制。DPP 解析器的标准模式。

批次级 DPP
涵盖某一特定生产批次或批号的 DPP,而非单个单元或整个产品型号。

去中心化标识符 · DID
一种由 W3C 标准化的标识符方案,其主体控制密钥,从而无需中央注册机构即可进行验证。

生态设计
针对产品全生命周期环境绩效的设计。历史上受 Directive 2009/125/EC 约束,现由 ESPR 管辖。

实例级 DPP
绑定到单个序列化单元而非型号或批次的 DPP。

市场监督
各国主管机关组成的网络,负责检查投放欧盟市场的产品是否符合欧盟法律。DPP 主管机关层的主要使用方。

适用起始日期
监管义务开始具有约束力的日期,通常晚于设立该义务的法律文件的生效日期。

授权法案
由委员会根据共同立法者授予的权限所通过的具有约束力的法律行为。各产品组的 DPP 义务由授权法案规定。

数字产品护照 · DPP
可通过数据载体访问的结构化、机器可读的产品数据记录,涵盖成分、来源、可持续性和报废处置。

碳足迹(产品级)
在规定的生命周期各阶段内归属于某一产品的温室气体排放量,以每功能单位的二氧化碳当量表示。

唯一电池标识符 · UBI
根据《电池法规》要求,为每一块在管范围内的电池所设的唯一标识符。

信任列表
一份经签署的、参照 eIDAS 信任列表建立的授权签发方和调用方名单。正在为跨境 DPP 接受度而逐步形成。

型号级 DPP
涵盖某一产品型号(SKU)而非批次或单个单元的 DPP。

循环经济
一种经济模式,通过延长产品使用寿命、重复利用材料及从设计上消除废弃物,使经济增长与有限资源消耗脱钩。

载体 · 数据载体
对产品标识符进行编码并链接至 DPP 记录的物理元素(QR、Data Matrix、NFC、RFID)。

证明
由已确认身份的一方就某一产品或某一数据点作出的经签署的声明。在 DPP 语境中,通常为 W3C 可验证凭证。

主管机关层
仅限市场监督、海关及其他主管机关访问的 DPP 访问层。包含对公众保密、仅限专业人员访问的数据。

专业人员层
面向维修方、翻新方和回收方的 DPP 访问层。包含超出公开层范围的拆解、备件和物质数据。

A

Authorised representative
An EU-established person or company holding a written mandate from a non-EU manufacturer to carry out defined compliance tasks, such as keeping the declaration of conformity and cooperating with authorities.

B

Blue Guide
The Commission’s guidance on implementing EU product rules. The reference for interpreting concepts such as placing on the market and the economic operator roles.

C

Catena-X
为电池 DPP 及其他汽车供应链数据交换提供参考基础设施的汽车数据空间。
CBAM
碳边境调节机制。对特定高碳强度商品的进口征收碳价,其报告义务与 DPP 碳数据存在重叠。
CE 标志
投放欧盟市场产品的强制性符合性标志。其本身不是 DPP,但被众多 DPP 数据点所引用。
CEN-CENELEC JTC 24
根据 ESPR 授权制定 DPP 协调欧洲标准的联合技术委员会。
CIRPASS
由欧盟资助的联盟,负责制定横向的 DPP 参考框架和数据模型。
Commodity code
The classification code (CN or TARIC) declared to customs for imported goods. The DPP registry stores it so customs can match passports to import declarations.
Conformity assessment
The process demonstrating that a product meets the applicable EU requirements, ranging from manufacturer self-assessment to third-party assessment by a notified body.
CPR · 建筑产品法规
Regulation (EU) 2024/3110,在 ESPR 之外为建筑产品引入了专门的 DPP。
CSRD
《企业可持续发展报告指令》。属于实体级的可持续发展披露;在温室气体和物质数据方面与 DPP 存在重叠,但适用范围有所不同。

D

Declaration of Conformity · DoC
The document in which the manufacturer declares, on its sole responsibility, that a product meets the applicable EU legislation. Required for CE marking; distinct from the declaration of performance used for construction products.
Distributor
An economic operator in the supply chain, other than the manufacturer or the importer, that makes a product available on the market, with duty-of-care obligations before selling it.
DoP · 性能声明
根据《建筑产品法规》声明产品在基本特性方面性能的文件。数字化 DoP 已与建筑 DPP 集成。
DPP registry
The Commission’s central registry indexing all digital product passports. Economic operators must register a passport before placing a product on the EU market; customs use it to verify imports.

E

Economic operator
Any actor in the supply chain with legal duties for a product on the EU market: the manufacturer, the authorised representative, the importer, the distributor, or in some cases the fulfilment service provider.
EPD · 环境产品声明
经核实的、标准化的(EN 15804、ISO 14025)产品环境影响声明。嵌入建筑产品 DPP 中或被其引用。
ePREL
欧洲能源标签产品注册数据库。存有能源、耐用性和备件数据,DPP 对其进行联合调用而非重复存储。
ESPR
《可持续产品生态设计法规》Regulation (EU) 2024/1781。该框架在大多数实体商品中引入了 DPP。
EU Single Window Environment for Customs
The EU system connecting customs to other authorities’ certificate databases so border checks, including future DPP checks, can happen electronically in one place.
EUDR
The EU Deforestation Regulation (EU) 2023/1115. Requires due-diligence statements proving that cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, rubber, soya and wood products are deforestation-free, applying from 30 December 2026.
Extended producer responsibility · EPR
Schemes making producers financially responsible for the end-of-life phase of their products. National registration is required in each Member State where a product is sold.

F

Forced Labour Regulation
Regulation (EU) 2024/3015. Bans products made with forced labour from the EU market from 14 December 2027, enforced through investigations and customs controls.
Fulfilment service provider
A warehousing, packaging or dispatch service in the EU. Counts as the responsible economic operator for a product when no manufacturer, authorised representative or importer is established in the EU.

G

GPSR
The General Product Safety Regulation (EU) 2023/988, applying since 13 December 2024. Every consumer product on the EU market, including online sales into the EU, needs a responsible economic operator established in the EU.
GTIN
全球贸易项目代码。GS1 标准化的产品标识符,广泛用于零售领域。

H

Harmonised standard
A European standard developed on request of the Commission and cited in the Official Journal. Applying it gives a presumption of conformity with the legal requirements it covers.

I

Importer
The EU-established economic operator that places a product from a third country on the EU market, carrying the corresponding conformity, labelling and documentation duties.

J

JSON-LD
用于关联数据的 JSON。一种嵌入已发布上下文以定义字段语义的 JSON 格式。CIRPASS 采用 JSON-LD。
JWT
JSON Web Token。一种紧凑的、经签名的数据格式,在许多 DPP 技术栈中用于编码可验证凭证。

N

New Legislative Framework · NLF
The EU product-law architecture, Regulation (EC) 765/2008 and Decision 768/2008, defining economic operator roles, accreditation, CE marking and market surveillance.
Notified body
A conformity-assessment organisation designated by an EU Member State to assess products against EU legislation before they are placed on the market, where third-party assessment is required.

P

Placing on the market
The first making available of an individual product on the EU market. For goods made outside the EU, this happens when the product is first supplied for distribution or use in the EU after import.
Presumption of conformity
The legal effect of applying a cited harmonised standard: authorities must presume the product, or the DPP, meets the corresponding requirements without further proof.

R

Release for free circulation
The customs procedure that turns imported goods into Union goods. The point where customs can check product compliance, and in time a registered DPP with its commodity code.

S

Safety Gate
The EU rapid-alert system, formerly RAPEX, where authorities publish dangerous non-food products found on the market, triggering recalls and border refusals.
SCIP
物品本身或复杂物件(产品)中的高关注物质数据库。由 ECHA 运行,被用作高关注物质 DPP 字段的权威来源。

T

Technical documentation
The file a manufacturer must maintain to prove conformity: design data, risk assessments, test reports and the declaration of conformity. Must be available to EU authorities on request, typically for ten years.

U

URN
统一资源名称。一种带命名空间的标识符方案,用于不适合采用零售式 GS1 分配的场景。

W

WCAG
《网页内容无障碍指南》。欧盟《无障碍法案》据以衡量数字服务的 W3C 标准。AA 级为欧盟基准。